ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to review the symptomatic manifestations of COVID-19 in children in the scientific literature. An integrative review of studies published between December 2019 and September 5, 2021, from the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Web of Science, Scopus, Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciência de Saúde, and Base de Dados de Enfermagem databases, was carried out to answer the following research question: What symptomatic manifestations does COVID-19 cause in children?". Twenty articles were included. The main symptoms described were fever, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, sore throat, dyspnea, headache, abdominal pain, malaise, and weakness or tiredness. The findings of this review can contribute to the diagnosis and clinical decision-making of the health team by providing information that facilitates the identification of COVID-19 in the target population, favoring early identification, better care, and consequently a better prognosis.
ABSTRACT
The present study attempted to identify individual milk proteins and other milk components that are associated with casein micelle size (CMS) and dry matter cheese yield (DMCY) using factor analysis. Here, we used 140 bulk tank milk samples from different farms. Milk composition was determined using a Fourier transform infrared equipament. The individual milk proteins were (αS-casein, ß-casein, κ-casein, ß-lactoglobulin and α-lactoalbumin) measured by their electrophoretic profile. The CMS was estimated by photon correlation spectroscopy, and the DMCY was determined using reduced laboratory-scale cheese production. Factor analysis partitioned the milk components into three groups that, taken together, explain 68.3% of the total variance. The first factor was defined as "CMS", while the second as "DMCY" factor, based on their high loadings. The CMS was positively correlated with protein, casein, non-fat solids and αS-casein and negatively associated with κ-casein and ß-lactoglubulin. DMCY was positively correlated with fat, protein, casein, total solids and negatively correlated with αs-casein. These results indicate that the variation of individual milk proteins may be an important aspect correlated to milk quality and cheese production.(AU)
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a associação das frações proteicas individuais e de outros componentes do leite com o tamanho das micelas de caseína (TMC) e a produção de matéria seca de queijo (MSQ) utilizando-se análise fatorial. Foram coletadas 140 amostras de leite de tanque provenientes de diferentes fazendas. A determinação da composição do leite foi determinada por espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformação de Fourier. As proteínas individuais (αS-caseína, ß-caseína, κ-caseína, ß-lactoglobulina e α-lactalbumina) foram quantificadas pelo perfil eletroforético. O tamanho médio das micelas de caseína foi analisado pelo princípio de espectroscopia de correlação de fótons e pela produção MSQ a partir do modelo de coagulação do leite em escala reduzida. A análise fatorial delimitou as variáveis em três fatores, que, juntos, responderam por 68,3% da variação total dos dados. No primeiro fator foram observadas as associações mais fortes com o TMC, enquanto no segundo fator as correlações foram mais significativas com a MSQ. O TMC foi associado positivamente com o conteúdo de proteína, caseína, sólidos desengordurados e αS-caseína, e negativamente com κ-caseína e ß-lactoglubulina. MSQ foi associada positivamente com o teor gordura, proteína e caseína total, sólidos totais, e negativamente com o teor de αs-caseína. Esses resultados indicam que a variação quantitativa das proteínas do leite pode ser determinante da qualidade do leite na produção de queijo.(AU)
Subject(s)
Caseins/analysis , Cheese/analysis , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Micelles , Milk/chemistry , Proteins/analysis , Food Composition , Lactalbumin , LactoglobulinsABSTRACT
Os efeitos da inclusão de levedura seca de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) na dieta de vacas lactantes foram avaliados com base no fornecimento de quatro dietas constituídas de diferentes níveis de substituição do farelo de soja pela levedura de cana-de-açúcar (0,00; 0,33; 0,67 e 1,00kg/kg de MS). O delineamento utilizado foi o quadrado latino 4 × 4. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o consumo de MS, MO, EE, FDNi e NDT, porém ocorreu redução linear no consumo de PB e FDNcp e aumento do consumo de CNF. Diferenças estatísticas não foram verificadas para os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS, MO, PB, CNF e NDT; no entanto os coeficientes do FDNcp e do EE decresceram linearmente. Não foi observado efeito sobre a produção e eficiência de síntese microbiana, utilização dos componentes nitrogenados e produção e composição do leite. Conclui-se que a levedura seca pode substituir 100% o farelo de soja na alimentação de vacas lactantes.
The effects of the inclusion of sugar cane dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in dairy cows feeding were evaluated based on the provision of four different diets with increasing proportions of sugar cane dry yeast (0.00; 0.33; 0.67 and 1.00kg/kg of DM). The design adopted for this research was the latin square, 4 × 4. It was observed that the levels of yeast inclusion did not affect the intake of DM, OM, EE, NDFi and TDN. However, the CP and NDFcp intake decreased linearly, whereas the NFC intake increased linearly with the increasing levels of yeast. No effect on the digestibility coefficient of DM, OM, CP, NDFcp and NCF was observed. Nevertheless, the EE digestibility coefficient linearly decreased with the yeast inclusion in the experimental diets. There was no treatment effect on the production and efficiency of microbial synthesis, usage of nitrogenous components, as well as milk production and composition. It was concluded that the dried yeast can fully replace the soybean meal in diets of dairy cows.